IEC
- 發布日期：2008/08/05
- 發布單位：標準組
- 資料點閱次數：48633
一、成立背景
國際電工委員會(International Electrotechnical Commission，簡稱IEC)於1906年在英國倫敦正式成立，已經有超過百年歷史，是世界上最早的國際性電工標準化機構，初期總部位於倫敦，在1948年時，才將總部遷至目前的日內瓦。1947年國際標準組織(ISO)成立後，IEC便與ISO合作，根據1976年ISO與IEC的協議，將電工、電子領域之國際標準化工作，規劃由IEC負責，其他領域的國際標準化工作，則由ISO負責，二者皆保持行政與財務上的獨立性。IEC是目前在電子、電機相關領域之國際標準發展，居領導地位的國際性標準發展組織，其領域範圍包含電子工程、電磁、電聲、多媒體、電訊、能源製造與傳送、及相關的一般性原則。
IEC的組織目標分述如下：
1. 有效率地符合全球性市場之需求。
2. 確保其標準與符合性評鑑制度在全球之廣泛使用。
3. 評估與改進其標準所涵蓋的產品和服務之品質。
4. 創造複雜系統可相互操作的環境。
5. 提高產業操作過程之效率。
6. 對提升人類健康與安全有貢獻。
7. 對環境保護有貢獻。
二、 組織架構
IEC的最高權力單位是委員會(Council)，是由成員國的國家委員會組成，每個國家僅能有一個機構代表其參與會員，目前有67個國家委員會代表。委員會會議一年一次，稱為IEC年會，輪流在各個成員國召開。 IEC另外還有管理、執行、顧問單位、及官員等單位。
IEC主要官員有主席、副主席、財務長、秘書長等。
有關IEC各單位之詳細功能與任務，可參考IEC網站，網址：http://www.iec.ch/about/?ref=menu。
三、 組織活動
(一) 標準發展
IEC的標準發展工作，主要由技術委員會(TC)、次技術委員會(SC)進行，截至2006年11月底止，IEC有169個TC與SC，以及多達505個WG，並擁有4,941項國際標準、160項技術規格(technical specifications)、296項技術報告(technical reports)、及57項IEC-PAS。各TC、SC名稱與工作內容描述，整理如下表所示：
| Committee | Description |
|---|---|
| TC 1 | Terminology |
| TC 2 | Rotating machinery |
| TC 3 | Information structures, documentation and graphical symbols |
| SC 3C | Graphical symbols for use on equipment |
| SC 3D | Data sets for libraries |
| TC 4 | Hydraulic turbines |
| TC 5 | Steam Turbines (IN STAND BY) |
| TC 7 | Overhead electrical conductors |
| TC 8 | Systems aspects for electrical energy supply |
| TC 9 | Electrical equipment and systems for railways |
| TC 10 | Fluids for electrotechnical applications |
| TC 11 | Overhead lines |
| TC 13 | Electrical energy measurement, tariff- and load control |
| TC 14 | Power transformers |
| TC 15 | Solid electrical insulating materials |
| TC 16 | Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification |
| TC 17 | Switchgear and controlgear |
| SC 17A | High-voltage switchgear and controlgear |
| SC 17B | Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear |
| SC 17C | High-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies |
| SC 17D | Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies |
| TC 18 | Electrical installations of ships and of mobile and fixed offshore units |
| SC 18A | Cables and cable installations |
| TC 20 | Electric cables |
| TC 21 | Secondary cells and batteries |
| SC 21A | Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes |
| TC 22 | Power electronic systems and equipment |
| SC 22E | Stabilized power supplies |
| SC 22F | Power electronics for electrical transmission and distribution systems |
| SC 22G | Adjustable speed electric drive systems incorporating semiconductor power converters |
| SC 22H | Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) |
| TC 23 | Electrical accessories |
| SC 23A | Cable management systems |
| SC 23B | Plugs, socket-outlets and switches |
| SC 23C | World-wide plug and socket-outlet systems |
| SC 23E | Circuit-breakers and similar equipment for household use |
| SC 23F | Connecting devices |
| SC 23G | Appliance couplers |
| SC 23H | Industrial, plugs and socket-outlets |
| SC 23J | Switches for appliances |
| TC 25 | Quantities and units, and their letter symbols |
| TC 26 | Electric welding |
| TC 27 | Industrial electroheating equipment |
| TC 28 | Insulation co-ordination |
| TC 29 | Electroacoustics |
| TC 31 | Equipment for explosive atmospheres |
| SC 31G | Intrinsically-safe apparatus |
| SC 31H | Apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust |
| SC 31J | Classification of hazardous areas and installation requirements |
| TC 32 | Fuses |
| SC 32A | High-voltage fuses |
| SC 32B | Low-voltage fuses |
| SC 32C | Miniature fuses |
| TC 33 | Power capacitors |
| TC 34 | Lamps and related equipment |
| SC 34A | Lamps |
| SC 34B | Lamp caps and holders |
| SC 34C | Auxiliaries for lamps |
| SC 34D | Luminaires |
| TC 35 | Primary cells and batteries |
| TC 36 | Insulators |
| SC 36A | Insulated bushings |
| SC 36B | Insulators for overhead lines |
| SC 36C | Insulators for substations |
| TC 37 | Surge arresters |
| SC 37A | Low-voltage surge protective devices |
| SC 37B | Specific components for surge arresters and surge protective devices |
| TC 38 | Instrument transformers |
| TC 39 | Electronic tubes |
| TC 40 | Capacitors and resistors for electronic equipment |
| TC 42 | High-voltage testing techniques |
| TC 44 | Safety of machinery - Electrotechnical aspects |
| TC 45 | Nuclear instrumentation |
| SC 45A | Instrumentation and control of nuclear facilities |
| SC 45B | Radiation protection instrumentation |
| TC 46 | Cables, wires, waveguides, R.F. connectors, R.F. and microwave passive components and accessories |
| SC 46A | Coaxial cables |
| SC 46C | Wires and symmetric cables |
| SC 46F | RF and microwave passive components |
| TC 47 | Semiconductor devices |
| SC 47A | Integrated circuits |
| SC 47D | Mechanical standardization for semiconductor devices |
| SC 47E | Discrete semiconductor devices |
| TC 48 | Electromechanical components and mechanical structures for electronic equipment |
| SC 48B | Connectors |
| SC 48D | Mechanical structures for electronic equipment |
| TC 49 | Piezoelectric and dielectric devices for frequency control and selection |
| TC 51 | Magnetic components and ferrite materials |
| TC 55 | Winding wires |
| TC 56 | Dependability |
| TC 57 | Power systems management and associated information exchange |
| TC 59 | Performance of household and similar electrical appliances |
| SC 59A | Electric dishwashers |
| SC 59C | Heating appliances |
| SC 59D | Home laundry appliances |
| SC 59F | Floor treatment appliances |
| SC 59K | Ovens and microwave ovens, cooking ranges and similar appliances |
| SC 59L | Small household appliances |
| TC 61 | Safety of household and similar electrical appliances |
| SC 61B | Safety of microwave ovens |
| SC 61C | Household appliances for refrigeration |
| SC 61D | Appliances for air-conditioning for household and similar purposes |
| SC 61E | Safety of electrical commercial catering equipment |
| SC 61F | Safety of hand-held motor-operated electric tools |
| SC 61H | Safety of electrically-operated farm appliances |
| SC 61J | Electrical motor-operated cleaning appliances for industrial use |
| TC 62 | Electrical equipment in medical practice |
| SC 62A | Common aspects of electrical equipment used in medical practice |
| SC 62B | Diagnostic imaging equipment |
| SC 62C | Equipment for radiotherapy, nuclear medicine and radiation dosimetry |
| SC 62D | Electromedical equipment |
| TC 64 | Electrical installations and protection against electric shock |
| TC 65 | Industrial-process measurement and control |
| SC 65A | System aspects |
| SC 65B | Devices & process analysis |
| SC 65C | Digital communications |
| SC 65E | System: engineering and management |
| TC 66 | Safety of measuring, control and laboratory equipment |
| TC 68 | Magnetic alloys and steels |
| TC 69 | Electric road vehicles and electric industrial trucks |
| TC 70 | Degrees of protection provided by enclosures |
| TC 72 | Automatic controls for household use |
| TC 73 | Short-circuit currents |
| TC 76 | Optical radiation safety and laser equipment |
| TC 77 | Electromagnetic compatibility |
| SC 77A | Low frequency phenomena |
| SC 77B | High frequency phenomena |
| SC 77C | High power transient phenomena |
| TC 78 | Live working |
| TC 79 | Alarm systems (in stand by) |
| TC 80 | Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems |
| TC 81 | Lightning protection |
| TC 82 | Solar photovoltaic energy systems |
| TC 85 | Measuring equipment for electrical and electromagnetic quantities |
| TC 86 | Fibre optics |
| SC 86A | Fibres and cables |
| SC 86B | Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components |
| SC 86C | Fibre optic systems and active devices |
| TC 87 | Ultrasonics |
| TC 88 | Wind turbines |
| TC 89 | Fire hazard testing |
| TC 90 | Superconductivity |
| TC 91 | Electronics assembly technology |
| TC 93 | Design automation |
| TC 94 | All-or-nothing electrical relays |
| TC 95 | Measuring relays and protection equipment |
| TC 96 | Small power transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products |
| TC 97 | Electrical installations for lighting and beaconing of aerodromes |
| TC 99 | System engineering and erection of electrical power installations in systems with nominal voltages above 1kv a.c. and 1.5kV d.c., particularly concerning safety aspects |
| TC 100 | Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment |
| TC 101 | Electrostatics |
| TC 103 | Transmitting equipment for radio communication |
| TC 104 | Environmental conditions, classification and methods of test |
| TC 105 | Fuel cell technologies |
| TC 106 | Methods for the assessment of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields associated with human exposure |
| TC 107 | Process management for avionics |
| TC 108 | Safety of electronic equipment within the field of audio/video, information technology and communication technology |
| TC 109 | Insulation co-ordination for low-voltage equipment |
| TC 110 | Flat panel display devices |
| TC 111 | Environmental standardization for electrical and electronic products and systems |
| TC 112 | Evaluation and qualification of electrical insulating materials and systems |
| TC 113 | Nanotechnology standardization for electrical and electronics products and systems |
| CISPR | International special committee on radio interference |
| CISPR/SC A | Radio-inteference measurements and statistical methods |
| CISPR/SC B | Interference relating to industrial, scientific and medical radio-frequency apparatus, to other (heavy) industrial equipment, to overhead power lines, to high voltage equipment and to electric traction |
| CISPR/SC D | Electromagnetic disturbances related to electric/electronic equipment on vehicles and internal combustion engine powered devices |
| CISPR/SC F | Interference relating to household appliances tools, lighting equipment and similar apparatus |
| CISPR/SC H | Limits for the protection of radio services |
| CISPR/SC I | Electromagnetic compatibility of information technology equipment, multimedia equipment and receivers |
| CISPR/SC S | Steering Committee of CISPR |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1 | ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee for information technology |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 | Coded character sets |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 6 | Telecommunications and information exchange between systems |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 | Software engineering |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 11 | Flexible magnetic media for digital data interchange |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17 | Identification cards and related devices |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 | Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23 | Optical disk cartridges for information interchange |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 24 | Computer graphics and image processing |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 25 | Interconnection of information technology equipment |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 | IT security techniques |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 28 | Office equipment |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 | Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 | Automatic data capture |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 | Data management services |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 | Document description and processing languages |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 35 | User interfaces |
| ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 36 | Information Technology for Learning, Educatio |
資料來源：IEC網站
(二) 標準發展會議
IEC將各TC、SC預定召開的會議，皆整理於網站，對於想要掌握特定標準發展進度，可至IEC網站查詢，網址：http://www.iec.ch/index.htm。但所列之議程，僅供有帳號及密碼的會員下載。
(三) IEC基本計畫2006(Masterplan 2006)
「IEC基本計畫2006」是於IEC百週年紀念時所發佈，作為IEC組織發展之策略計畫。其內容架構共可分為下列6個部分：
1. 願景與任務
2. 市場適切性
3. 以IEC標準化為戰略性工具
4. 全球性推廣
5. 革新與附加價值
6. 持續與改進
完整的「IEC基本計畫2006」內文可於IEC網站下載，網址：http://www.iec.ch/news/?ref=menu。
四、 符合性評鑑
IEC的多邊符合性評鑑制度，不論在概念或執行皆是全球性層面的。其目的在降低不同國家的驗證基準所造成的貿易障礙，同時削減多重的試驗所造成的時程延遲與成本。IEC有三項多邊符合性評鑑系統，分述如下：
１。IECEE系統(Worldwide System for Conformity Testing and Certification of Electrical Equipment)－電氣、電子設備的驗證系統，底下又包含CB Scheme和CB-FCS。
CB Scheme是基於相互承認協議的原則而發展，即製造商若獲得國家驗證單位(NCB)的CB驗證許可(CB test certificates)，便可依此向其他會員國家申請驗證標章，更多有關CB Scheme的資訊，可參閱IECEE CB Scheme網站，網址：http://www.iecee.org/cbscheme/default.htm。
CB-FCS的“FCS”代表“Full Certification Scheme”。有關CB-FCS的詳細資訊，可參閱IECEE CB-FCS網站，網址：http://www.iecee.org/cb_fcs/default.htm
２。IECQ系統－電子零組件的品質驗證系統。範圍包含：電子零組件及相關材料與製程、製造商與通路商、專業承包商、及實驗室單位。主要依據ISO 9001或ISO/IEC 17025之規範。更多關於IECQ的資訊可參考IECQ網站，網址：http://www.iecq.org/。
３。IECEx系統－電氣設備於易爆炸環境的驗證系統。IECEx驗證主要是讓電氣設備的製造商，將可能使用於易爆炸環境的電氣設備，通過IECEx驗證之後，能銷售至全球。更多關於IECQ的資訊可參考IECQ網站，網址：http://www.iecex.com/。
五、 新聞訊息
有關IEC國際標準化相關訊息與最新發展，如技術委員會(TC)之最新發展、IEC & ISO論壇活動、年度大會等，可由IEC網站首頁之最新消息(Latest News)欄瀏覽，網址為：http://www.iec.ch/index.htm。
六、 聯絡方式
電話：+41-22-919-0211
E-mail: inmail@iec.ch
地址：P.O.Box 131, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland