IEC

國際標準組織

IEC

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一、成立背景
國際電工委員會(International Electrotechnical Commission，簡稱IEC)於1906年在英國倫敦正式成立，已經有超過百年歷史，是世界上最早的國際性電工標準化機構，初期總部位於倫敦，在1948年時，才將總部遷至目前的日內瓦。1947年國際標準組織(ISO)成立後，IEC便與ISO合作，根據1976年ISO與IEC的協議，將電工、電子領域之國際標準化工作，規劃由IEC負責，其他領域的國際標準化工作，則由ISO負責，二者皆保持行政與財務上的獨立性。IEC是目前在電子、電機相關領域之國際標準發展，居領導地位的國際性標準發展組織，其領域範圍包含電子工程、電磁、電聲、多媒體、電訊、能源製造與傳送、及相關的一般性原則。
IEC的組織目標分述如下：
　1. 有效率地符合全球性市場之需求。
　2. 確保其標準與符合性評鑑制度在全球之廣泛使用。
　3. 評估與改進其標準所涵蓋的產品和服務之品質。
　4. 創造複雜系統可相互操作的環境。
　5. 提高產業操作過程之效率。
　6. 對提升人類健康與安全有貢獻。
　7. 對環境保護有貢獻。

二、組織架構
IEC的最高權力單位是委員會(Council)，是由成員國的國家委員會組成，每個國家僅能有一個機構代表其參與會員，目前有67個國家委員會代表。委員會會議一年一次，稱為IEC年會，輪流在各個成員國召開。 IEC另外還有管理、執行、顧問單位、及官員等單位。
IEC主要官員有主席、副主席、財務長、秘書長等。
有關IEC各單位之詳細功能與任務，可參考IEC網站，網址：http://www.iec.ch/about/?ref=menu。

三、組織活動
　(一) 標準發展
IEC的標準發展工作，主要由技術委員會(TC)、次技術委員會(SC)進行，截至2006年11月底止，IEC有169個TC與SC，以及多達505個WG，並擁有4,941項國際標準、160項技術規格(technical specifications)、296項技術報告(technical reports)、及57項IEC-PAS。各TC、SC名稱與工作內容描述，整理如下表所示：

Committee	Description
TC 1	Terminology
TC 2	Rotating machinery
TC 3	Information structures, documentation and graphical symbols
SC 3C	Graphical symbols for use on equipment
SC 3D	Data sets for libraries
TC 4	Hydraulic turbines
TC 5	Steam Turbines (IN STAND BY)
TC 7	Overhead electrical conductors
TC 8	Systems aspects for electrical energy supply
TC 9	Electrical equipment and systems for railways
TC 10	Fluids for electrotechnical applications
TC 11	Overhead lines
TC 13	Electrical energy measurement, tariff- and load control
TC 14	Power transformers
TC 15	Solid electrical insulating materials
TC 16	Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification
TC 17	Switchgear and controlgear
SC 17A	High-voltage switchgear and controlgear
SC 17B	Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
SC 17C	High-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies
SC 17D	Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies
TC 18	Electrical installations of ships and of mobile and fixed offshore units
SC 18A	Cables and cable installations
TC 20	Electric cables
TC 21	Secondary cells and batteries
SC 21A	Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes
TC 22	Power electronic systems and equipment
SC 22E	Stabilized power supplies
SC 22F	Power electronics for electrical transmission and distribution systems
SC 22G	Adjustable speed electric drive systems incorporating semiconductor power converters
SC 22H	Uninterruptible power systems (UPS)
TC 23	Electrical accessories
SC 23A	Cable management systems
SC 23B	Plugs, socket-outlets and switches
SC 23C	World-wide plug and socket-outlet systems
SC 23E	Circuit-breakers and similar equipment for household use
SC 23F	Connecting devices
SC 23G	Appliance couplers
SC 23H	Industrial, plugs and socket-outlets
SC 23J	Switches for appliances
TC 25	Quantities and units, and their letter symbols
TC 26	Electric welding
TC 27	Industrial electroheating equipment
TC 28	Insulation co-ordination
TC 29	Electroacoustics
TC 31	Equipment for explosive atmospheres
SC 31G	Intrinsically-safe apparatus
SC 31H	Apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust
SC 31J	Classification of hazardous areas and installation requirements
TC 32	Fuses
SC 32A	High-voltage fuses
SC 32B	Low-voltage fuses
SC 32C	Miniature fuses
TC 33	Power capacitors
TC 34	Lamps and related equipment
SC 34A	Lamps
SC 34B	Lamp caps and holders
SC 34C	Auxiliaries for lamps
SC 34D	Luminaires
TC 35	Primary cells and batteries
TC 36	Insulators
SC 36A	Insulated bushings
SC 36B	Insulators for overhead lines
SC 36C	Insulators for substations
TC 37	Surge arresters
SC 37A	Low-voltage surge protective devices
SC 37B	Specific components for surge arresters and surge protective devices
TC 38	Instrument transformers
TC 39	Electronic tubes
TC 40	Capacitors and resistors for electronic equipment
TC 42	High-voltage testing techniques
TC 44	Safety of machinery - Electrotechnical aspects
TC 45	Nuclear instrumentation
SC 45A	Instrumentation and control of nuclear facilities
SC 45B	Radiation protection instrumentation
TC 46	Cables, wires, waveguides, R.F. connectors, R.F. and microwave passive components and accessories
SC 46A	Coaxial cables
SC 46C	Wires and symmetric cables
SC 46F	RF and microwave passive components
TC 47	Semiconductor devices
SC 47A	Integrated circuits
SC 47D	Mechanical standardization for semiconductor devices
SC 47E	Discrete semiconductor devices
TC 48	Electromechanical components and mechanical structures for electronic equipment
SC 48B	Connectors
SC 48D	Mechanical structures for electronic equipment
TC 49	Piezoelectric and dielectric devices for frequency control and selection
TC 51	Magnetic components and ferrite materials
TC 55	Winding wires
TC 56	Dependability
TC 57	Power systems management and associated information exchange
TC 59	Performance of household and similar electrical appliances
SC 59A	Electric dishwashers
SC 59C	Heating appliances
SC 59D	Home laundry appliances
SC 59F	Floor treatment appliances
SC 59K	Ovens and microwave ovens, cooking ranges and similar appliances
SC 59L	Small household appliances
TC 61	Safety of household and similar electrical appliances
SC 61B	Safety of microwave ovens
SC 61C	Household appliances for refrigeration
SC 61D	Appliances for air-conditioning for household and similar purposes
SC 61E	Safety of electrical commercial catering equipment
SC 61F	Safety of hand-held motor-operated electric tools
SC 61H	Safety of electrically-operated farm appliances
SC 61J	Electrical motor-operated cleaning appliances for industrial use
TC 62	Electrical equipment in medical practice
SC 62A	Common aspects of electrical equipment used in medical practice
SC 62B	Diagnostic imaging equipment
SC 62C	Equipment for radiotherapy, nuclear medicine and radiation dosimetry
SC 62D	Electromedical equipment
TC 64	Electrical installations and protection against electric shock
TC 65	Industrial-process measurement and control
SC 65A	System aspects
SC 65B	Devices & process analysis
SC 65C	Digital communications
SC 65E	System: engineering and management
TC 66	Safety of measuring, control and laboratory equipment
TC 68	Magnetic alloys and steels
TC 69	Electric road vehicles and electric industrial trucks
TC 70	Degrees of protection provided by enclosures
TC 72	Automatic controls for household use
TC 73	Short-circuit currents
TC 76	Optical radiation safety and laser equipment
TC 77	Electromagnetic compatibility
SC 77A	Low frequency phenomena
SC 77B	High frequency phenomena
SC 77C	High power transient phenomena
TC 78	Live working
TC 79	Alarm systems (in stand by)
TC 80	Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems
TC 81	Lightning protection
TC 82	Solar photovoltaic energy systems
TC 85	Measuring equipment for electrical and electromagnetic quantities
TC 86	Fibre optics
SC 86A	Fibres and cables
SC 86B	Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components
SC 86C	Fibre optic systems and active devices
TC 87	Ultrasonics
TC 88	Wind turbines
TC 89	Fire hazard testing
TC 90	Superconductivity
TC 91	Electronics assembly technology
TC 93	Design automation
TC 94	All-or-nothing electrical relays
TC 95	Measuring relays and protection equipment
TC 96	Small power transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products
TC 97	Electrical installations for lighting and beaconing of aerodromes
TC 99	System engineering and erection of electrical power installations in systems with nominal voltages above 1kv a.c. and 1.5kV d.c., particularly concerning safety aspects
TC 100	Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment
TC 101	Electrostatics
TC 103	Transmitting equipment for radio communication
TC 104	Environmental conditions, classification and methods of test
TC 105	Fuel cell technologies
TC 106	Methods for the assessment of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields associated with human exposure
TC 107	Process management for avionics
TC 108	Safety of electronic equipment within the field of audio/video, information technology and communication technology
TC 109	Insulation co-ordination for low-voltage equipment
TC 110	Flat panel display devices
TC 111	Environmental standardization for electrical and electronic products and systems
TC 112	Evaluation and qualification of electrical insulating materials and systems
TC 113	Nanotechnology standardization for electrical and electronics products and systems
CISPR	International special committee on radio interference
CISPR/SC A	Radio-inteference measurements and statistical methods
CISPR/SC B	Interference relating to industrial, scientific and medical radio-frequency apparatus, to other (heavy) industrial equipment, to overhead power lines, to high voltage equipment and to electric traction
CISPR/SC D	Electromagnetic disturbances related to electric/electronic equipment on vehicles and internal combustion engine powered devices
CISPR/SC F	Interference relating to household appliances tools, lighting equipment and similar apparatus
CISPR/SC H	Limits for the protection of radio services
CISPR/SC I	Electromagnetic compatibility of information technology equipment, multimedia equipment and receivers
CISPR/SC S	Steering Committee of CISPR
ISO/IEC JTC 1	ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee for information technology
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2	Coded character sets
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 6	Telecommunications and information exchange between systems
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7	Software engineering
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 11	Flexible magnetic media for digital data interchange
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17	Identification cards and related devices
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22	Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23	Optical disk cartridges for information interchange
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 24	Computer graphics and image processing
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 25	Interconnection of information technology equipment
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27	IT security techniques
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 28	Office equipment
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29	Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31	Automatic data capture
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32	Data management services
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34	Document description and processing languages
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 35	User interfaces
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 36	Information Technology for Learning, Educatio

資料來源：IEC網站

　(二) 標準發展會議
　　IEC將各TC、SC預定召開的會議，皆整理於網站，對於想要掌握特定標準發展進度，可至IEC網站查詢，網址：http://www.iec.ch/index.htm。但所列之議程，僅供有帳號及密碼的會員下載。

　(三) IEC基本計畫2006(Masterplan 2006)
　　　「IEC基本計畫2006」是於IEC百週年紀念時所發佈，作為IEC組織發展之策略計畫。其內容架構共可分為下列6個部分：
　　　1. 願景與任務
　　　2. 市場適切性
　　　3. 以IEC標準化為戰略性工具
　　　4. 全球性推廣
　　　5. 革新與附加價值
　　　6. 持續與改進
完整的「IEC基本計畫2006」內文可於IEC網站下載，網址：http://www.iec.ch/news/?ref=menu。

四、符合性評鑑
IEC的多邊符合性評鑑制度，不論在概念或執行皆是全球性層面的。其目的在降低不同國家的驗證基準所造成的貿易障礙，同時削減多重的試驗所造成的時程延遲與成本。IEC有三項多邊符合性評鑑系統，分述如下：
１。IECEE系統(Worldwide System for Conformity Testing and Certification of Electrical Equipment)－電氣、電子設備的驗證系統，底下又包含CB Scheme和CB-FCS。
CB Scheme是基於相互承認協議的原則而發展，即製造商若獲得國家驗證單位(NCB)的CB驗證許可(CB test certificates)，便可依此向其他會員國家申請驗證標章，更多有關CB Scheme的資訊，可參閱IECEE CB Scheme網站，網址：http://www.iecee.org/cbscheme/default.htm。
CB-FCS的“FCS”代表“Full Certification Scheme”。有關CB-FCS的詳細資訊，可參閱IECEE CB-FCS網站，網址：http://www.iecee.org/cb_fcs/default.htm
２。IECQ系統－電子零組件的品質驗證系統。範圍包含：電子零組件及相關材料與製程、製造商與通路商、專業承包商、及實驗室單位。主要依據ISO 9001或ISO/IEC 17025之規範。更多關於IECQ的資訊可參考IECQ網站，網址：http://www.iecq.org/。
３。IECEx系統－電氣設備於易爆炸環境的驗證系統。IECEx驗證主要是讓電氣設備的製造商，將可能使用於易爆炸環境的電氣設備，通過IECEx驗證之後，能銷售至全球。更多關於IECQ的資訊可參考IECQ網站，網址：http://www.iecex.com/。

五、新聞訊息
有關IEC國際標準化相關訊息與最新發展，如技術委員會(TC)之最新發展、IEC & ISO論壇活動、年度大會等，可由IEC網站首頁之最新消息(Latest News)欄瀏覽，網址為：http://www.iec.ch/index.htm。

六、聯絡方式
電話：+41-22-919-0211
E-mail: inmail@iec.ch
地址：P.O.Box 131, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland

編修日期：2020/08/12
上稿單位：標準組

更新日期： 2024年4月24日